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سدی کارنومهندس جوان فرانسوی در سال ۱۸۲۴ میلادی یک ماشین فرضی و آرمانی را طراحی کرد که بازده آن بیشینه و سازگار با قانون دوم ترمودینامیک است. او دریافت که بازده چنین ماشینی مستقل از ماده کاری است که چرخه ماشین را طی می کند. این ماشین فرضی را ماشین کارنو می نامند. بنابه قضیه کارنو، بازده یک ماشین گرمایی که بین دو منبع با دما های (TL) و (TH) کار می کن... See more
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